Actually the largest technology transfer in history came from the Soviet technology transfer to China from 1949 to 1966 (until the Sino-Soviet split). The Soviets practically established modern scientific institutions and kickstarted the industrialization process in China.

The irony is that the rapid industrialization of Communist China was what made it so attractive to Western capital in the 1970s in the first place, which was used in turn to help destroy the Soviet Union.