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Cake day: June 24th, 2023

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  • I was trying and failing to put this in my own words, then I found this plain English summary of this doc… link1

    Key data returned from robots exploring the surface of Mars are the images they take of the landscape and rock formations. These are sent back to Earth for detailed investigation and analysis by the science teams. It is difficult to collect reliable measurements from photographs, as they do not truly represent the three-dimensionality of the features within them. In this paper, we present a new 3-D visualization software tool, PRo3D, which enables visualization of 3-D digital models of rock outcrops imaged by robots exploring the surface of Mars. These 3-D models are constructed from mosaicked photographs taken by the stereo panoramic cameras which are positioned on a mast on the rover. This provides a huge advantage to scientists who want to study and analyze the terrain and geology of exposed rock outcrops which surround the rover. Here we apply the tools available in PRo3D to sedimentological and structural analysis of 3-D Digital Outcrop Models of four areas explored by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity and Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover science teams and show that this method of 3-D visualization and analysis allows scientists to carry out important procedures that would be conducted in a terrestrial field geology campaign.

    anther good read… link2
















  • The imaging chamber was empty, but it captured some out of focus pebbles on the ground under the cache storage area (I assembled all 16 tiles) they first took a 16 tile image of the empty chamber back on sol 88. I assume that was an engineering checkout of the the camera.

    I have an unusual guess as to why they imaged it. Not sure if you noticed, but there are motes of dust on the NavCam lenses, the motes are particularly noticeable in the all-sky images from sol 1323. I’m assuming that could have been the result of a dust devil, or we are in a particularly dusty area kicked up by the prevailing wind? Not sure if you also noticed we can no longer see the far rim wall of Jezero (due to recent increasing dust levels) If we’ve noticed, the team will have noticed as well, so they may have imaged the open chamber of the CacheCam to see if there is any dust on the mirror it uses, or the CacheCam camera lens. Maybe a little far fetched, but I often have an over active mind :)

    The rover has just driven South (a short distance on 1324) and it is currently pointing East. It could be an intermediate waypoint in a longer drive, but why East? Expand my theory to moving the cameras away from the prevailing wind :) (active mind LOL)

    EDIT The sol 1324 waypoint mentioned earlier was an intermediate waypoint, the remainder of the drive was to the West. Close to 100 meters and a climb of ~25 meters. Waiting for the formal data, will share ASAP



  • Milly’s Foot Path

    The rover is in a map quadrangle called ‘Bishop’, so all targets are named after Bishop in Owens Valley (California)

    Milly’s Foot Path is a path through a rugged chute full of broken rocks . See image on https://www.flickr.com/photos/psa104/15269986920

    I guess a member of the MS team may have ventured up that path at some time in the past…

    “A Climber’s Guide to the High Sierra” page 221 gives a fair account of the passes and identifies their namesakes as Lucy Brown, wife of Bolton Coit Brown who crossed the divide in 1896. Milly’s is named for Mildred Jentsch who with Sylvia Kershaw crossed the saddle just north of Mt. Genevra in July 1953.

    Here’s how they assign names based on map quadrangles…

    Before touching down in Gale crater Curiosity’s landing ellipse and the foothills of Aeolis Mons (Mt. Sharp) were divided up into 151 map quadrangles to aid geological mapping. Each of these square areas of interest spans 0.025 degrees in latitude by 0.025 degrees in longitude, each quadrangle measures about 1.5 kilometers square or about 1.22 x 1.22 km. Each quadrangle is assigned a name of a town with a population less than 100,000 people.

    Map quadrangles are usually named after towns close to notable regions of geological interest on Earth, its name then provides the source of the target names within each quadrangle.

    List of Quadrangles the rover has visited:-

    Yellowknife: Quadrangle #51: Yellowknife a city in northwestern Canada as well as group of rocks from the same region. The rocks were formed 2.7 billion years ago from both volcanoes and sediments laid down by water, and were deposited over 4-billion-year-old rocks, the oldest known on Earth.

    Mawson: Quadrangle #65: Mawson, Antarctica, permanent base and research outpost in Antarctica, named after the Antarctic geologist and explorer Sir Douglas Mawson.

    Coeymans: Quadrangle #64. Takes its name from the town of Coeymans in upstate New York, located near the fossil‐rich Coeymans Limestone Formation.

    Kimberley: Quadrangle #78. Takes its name from the northernmost region of Western Australia, the site of many important geologic investigations of Precambrian rocks.

    Hanover: Quadrangle #77, Takes its names from a New Hampshire city.

    Shoshone: Quadrangle #91. Takes its name from Shoshone Village in Inyo County, California located just outside Death Valley National Park and the Nopah Range Wilderness Area.

    Arlee: Quadrangle #90. Takes is name from after a geological district in Montana

    Windhoek: Quadrangle #104. Takes its name from a geological district in Namibia.

    Bar Harbor: Quadrangle #118 Takes its name from Bar Harbor, Maine

    Kuruman: Quadrangle #132. This quadrangle is named after a charming town situated on the edge of the Kalahari desert in South Africa. Notably, the town of Kuruman is the namesake for the Kuruman Iron Formation, a ~2.46 billion year sedimentary rock that is rich in hematite. Hematite is the same mineral we can see is distributed throughout the Vera Rubin Ridge from orbital data! The target names in this quadrangle are pulled from famous geological features from South Africa and nearby Botswana and Zimbabwe.

    Biwabik: Quadrangle #119, the Biwabik name was selected because of the city’s connection with the Mesabi Range, which contains large deposits of Precambrian iron ore.

    Torridon: Quadrangle #133, Named after a village in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland, which is near an important geological formation called the Torridonian Supergroup. Therefore, all of the names assigned to targets in this region of Curiosity’s traverse come from landforms, geologic formations, and towns in that part of Scotland.

    Nontron: Quadrangle #134, ‘Nontron’ is named after a commune in the Dordogne in southwestern France. The Nontron quadrant name is particularly appropriate for the clay-bearing terrain we find ourselves in as Nontron is the type locality for a clay mineral called nontronite. Nontronite is part of the smectite group of clays, which are the most common types of clays on Mars.

    Roraima: Quadrangle #147. The Roraima quadrant is named after the northern-most state of Brazil and Mount Roraima, which is the highest peak in the Pakaraima mountains which sits between Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana. The terrain in the Roraima region on Earth looks somewhat similar to the area Curiosity is in - with flat-topped hills and some steep slopes.

    Kalavryta: Quadrangle #148 Kalavryta is named after a town in Greece, due west of Athens and near the Chelmos-Vouraikos UNESCO Global Geopark, a region that consists of 40 unique geological sites including caves, karstic springs, rivers, alpine lakes, and fossil sites.

    Bishop: (Current Quadrangle) Bishop California is located in Owens Valley, and is the starting point for trips into the High Sierra, including some awesome geology. It feels like a fitting name for this part of Curiosity’s ascent of Mt. Sharp!







  • I’ve not had the pleasure of visiting any of those analog locations, but I have thoroughly enjoyed visiting a few of the remote deserts in the middle East in my working years. Granted I was there for work, but did get to explore / enjoy the places during downtime :) I’m with you regarding the need to be sure of the environment before we put boots on the Martian surface, but that could have been done years ago, even decades ago. The 60’s was an amazing time to witness what was being achieved. Hopefully there will be a similar period in the future. Time will tell.